Fear and Politics in Divided Societies: Assessing the Foundations of Political Behavior in Lebanon.

H1a: Low-value, short-term clientelist distribution is more likely to affect electoral behavior than willingness to take part in demonstrations, while high-value, more continuous clientelist distribution should affect both outcomes.
H1b: In general, clientelist distribution is more likely to sway citizens with low socioeconomic status, but high-value clientelist distribution has broader effects.
H1c: Material benefits are less likely to influence core co-partisans but are more likely to move marginal activists and even non-partisans.
H1d: Core co-partisans are more likely to be moved by high-value material benefits.
H2a: Respondents are more likely to vote for candidates with a detailed plan to address salient policy issues (such as job creation or waste management).
H2b: High SES respondents, who are less likely to be swayed by and integrated in clientelist networks, are more likely to vote for candidates with a detailed plan.
H3a: Respondents favor candidates promising in-group protection over clientelist distribution, especially of low value goods and services.
H3b: Respondents favor candidates promising in-group protection over programmatic issues.
H3c: Respondents who express less tolerance for out-group members favor candidates promising in-group protection over programmatic and clientelist distribution, especially of low value goods and services.
H4a: Treated respondents, or those who have been primed to feel fear, express lower support for candidates who promise clientelist distribution, especially of low value goods and services.
H4b: Treated respondents express more support for candidates who pledge to protect co-religionists.
H4c: Treated respondents express no or less support for candidates who pledge protection for out-group members, especially when the out-group has antagonistic relations with the in-group.
H4d: Treated respondents are more likely to vote for and take part in demonstrations for co-religionist candidates.
H4e: Treated respondents are less likely to support female candidates.
H5a: Respondents are more likely to vote for and take part in demonstrations for co-religionist candidates.
H5b: People who identify more with their religious community are more likely to vote for and take part in demonstrations for co-religionist candidates.
H6a: Respondents who report higher levels of piety and religious observance are more likely to support pious candidates.
H7a: Co-partisanship has a bigger effect on political support than co-religionism.
H7b: Co-partisanship has a higher effect among core co-partisans than more marginal supporters or non-supporters on political support.
H8a: Respondents will prefer candidates with higher education.